Journal: Frontiers in Insect Science

Article Title: Associational protection of urban ash trees treated with systemic insecticides against emerald ash borer

doi: 10.3389/finsc.2023.990909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental sites for study on associational protection from 2017 to 2021 at 12 sites distributed across 8 cities in Twin Cities metropolitan region and southeastern Minnesota, USA.

Article Snippet: Trees at eight of the twelve sites were assigned emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge ® G4, Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 395 trees injected total) while the remaining four sites, located a minimum of 300 m from four of the emamectin benzoate sites, received azadirachtin (AzaSol ® , Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 200 trees injected total).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Insect Science

Article Title: Associational protection of urban ash trees treated with systemic insecticides against emerald ash borer

doi: 10.3389/finsc.2023.990909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box and whisker plot of initial crown ratings of ash trees in June 2017 before treatment with one of two insecticides, i.e., (A) emamectin benzoate ( F 1,773 =0.11, P=0.74; n=8 sites with 383 treated and 392 untreated trees) and (B) azadirachtin ( F 1,429 =2.23, P=0.14; n=4 sites with 189 treated and 242 untreated trees) in central and southeastern Minnesota, USA. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals about means. The upper whisker indicates the maximum value as the third quartile added to 1.5 times the interquartile range. The lower whisker represents the minimum value as the first quartile minus 1.5 times the interquartile range. The middle line of each box and whisker plot represents the median of the data set. Dots represent data points beyond plus or minus 1.5 times the interquartile range.

Article Snippet: Trees at eight of the twelve sites were assigned emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge ® G4, Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 395 trees injected total) while the remaining four sites, located a minimum of 300 m from four of the emamectin benzoate sites, received azadirachtin (AzaSol ® , Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 200 trees injected total).

Techniques: Whisker Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Insect Science

Article Title: Associational protection of urban ash trees treated with systemic insecticides against emerald ash borer

doi: 10.3389/finsc.2023.990909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regression line of average change in crown rating of ash trees from experiment initiation to 4 years post treatment in central and southeastern Minnesota, USA of (A) treated (y=0.0674 + 0.10766x) and untreated (y=0.0674 + 0.0498x) ash trees at emamectin benzoate sites and (B) treated (y=0.0550 + 0.10766x) and untreated (y=0.0550 + 0.04361x) ash trees at azadirachtin sites in 12 sites distributed across 8 cities. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals about means.

Article Snippet: Trees at eight of the twelve sites were assigned emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge ® G4, Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 395 trees injected total) while the remaining four sites, located a minimum of 300 m from four of the emamectin benzoate sites, received azadirachtin (AzaSol ® , Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 200 trees injected total).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Insect Science

Article Title: Associational protection of urban ash trees treated with systemic insecticides against emerald ash borer

doi: 10.3389/finsc.2023.990909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box and whisker plot of the concentration of insecticide (ng of insecticide/g of dry flower) present in leaves collected from (A) emamectin benzoate-treated and (B) azadirachtin-treated trees determined by HPLC-MS/MS (n=5 trees per site per treatment per year). The data shown excludes values determined to be below the LOQ (Limit of quantification). Box and whiskers as described in Figure 2 .

Article Snippet: Trees at eight of the twelve sites were assigned emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge ® G4, Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 395 trees injected total) while the remaining four sites, located a minimum of 300 m from four of the emamectin benzoate sites, received azadirachtin (AzaSol ® , Arborjet, Woburn, MA; 200 trees injected total).

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Concentration Assay, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy